Build SFML-library not so:
cmake -DANDROID_ABI=armeabi-v7a -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=../../cmake/toolchains/android.toolchain.cmake ../..
But like this:
cmake -DANDROID_ABI=armeabi-v7a -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=../../cmake/toolchains/android.toolchain.cmake -DANDROID_STL=stlport_static ../..
Or this:
cmake -DANDROID_ABI=armeabi-v7a -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=../../cmake/toolchains/android.toolchain.cmake -DANDROID_STL=stlport_shared ../..
Allowed values for the parameter ANDROID_STL can be seen in the file
<SFML_DIRECTORY>/cmake/toolchains/android.toolchain.cmake
These steps I checked on SFML-2.4.1.