I use #version 430 and it works for me. You don't need to specify core explicitly since it is the default. I also don't ask for a specific GL version because most of the time you automatically get a compatibility version of the latest context anyway (I get 4.4). You can test this yourself. Leave out the version request and check what version you get. SFML always requests a 2.0 legacy context by default but it probably never really gets one .
And if you still can't fix that warning, it isn't really SFML's fault since it is your driver complaining about your shader. SFML doesn't look at any of the source. It might end up being just another driver bug.
leaving out the #versions actually gives me an even stranger error, I made sure to add the line
const unsigned char* version = (const unsigned char*)glGetString(GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION);
printf("Running GLSL Version %s\n",version);
to see what version I was running, looks like a bug as SFML correctly set the version to 330...not sure where to go from here. Funny though everytime still works perfectly fine, program runs as usual.
Running GLSL Version 3.30 - Build 10.18.10.3496
Compiling shader : Shaders/vertexShader.vert
WARNING: 0:3: 'GL_ARB_explicit_attrib_location' : extension is not available in
current GLSL version
WARNING: 0:3: 'GL_ARB_explicit_attrib_location' : extension is not available in
current GLSL version
WARNING: 0:3: 'GL_ARB_explicit_attrib_location' : extension is not available in
current GLSL version
WARNING: 0:4: 'GL_ARB_explicit_attrib_location' : extension is not available in
current GLSL version
WARNING: 0:4: 'GL_ARB_explicit_attrib_location' : extension is not available in
current GLSL version
WARNING: 0:4: 'GL_ARB_explicit_attrib_location' : extension is not available in
current GLSL version
WARNING: 0:5: 'GL_ARB_explicit_attrib_location' : extension is not available in
current GLSL version
WARNING: 0:5: 'GL_ARB_explicit_attrib_location' : extension is not available in
current GLSL version
WARNING: 0:5: 'GL_ARB_explicit_attrib_location' : extension is not available in
current GLSL version
Compiling shader : Shaders/fragmentShader.frag
Linking program