I doubt that anybody knows after your description what the problem is. First, check the obvious stuff (read the tutorial carefully, link everything correctly etc.). Then do that again -- really, there are so many people making mistakes here, and searching errors elsewhere is a waste of time in those cases.
Then, you should try to debug your program. Minimize it as much as possible and track down the error -- in which line does it happen, what are the variable values, the callstack etc.
But in general, SFML does not officially support Raspberry Pi, so it may simply not work directly. I think there have been other people experimenting with it, you might find something in the forum.