You can make a function that does the same check on where the sprite is going to be instead of where it is. Pass the predicted coordinates to it like so:
bool can_I_go_there(sf::FloatRect FR) { if (FR.intersects(obj.rect)) { return true; } else { return false; } }
However, this is not exactly the ideal way to have pathfinding in your game. You should look into proper pathfinding implementations.