Are you using the
exact same MinGW version that SFML was built? Meaning the one linked on the download page and/or did you build SFML yourself?
While the errors aren't showing it yet, you're missing freetype as library to be linked.
When you link SFML statically, you have to link all of SFML's dependencies as well.
Personally, I highly recommend using CMake, good starting point is the
SFML CMake Template. It builds SFML directly and configures everything, so you don't have to figure out these settings, plus it will automatically work on other platforms as well.