There isn't an simple answer to this, especially on Android, where the number of different devices and variations in system specs are massive.
Application/game performance is also more generally speaking not just limited by the amount of triangles you can draw, but you'd have to consider the complete loop, including physics calculation, input handling, AI logic, etc.
As for the limitations with SFML on Android, as we currently don't support OpenGL ES 2, there is no shader support. Most of the other things should work.