Does this have to do with memory and graphic's card constraints?
Yes.
Memory: using big images with large transparent portions wastes memory; and since SFML doesn't use compressed texture formats it's even worse. And you duplicate tiles that appear several times on the layer. But it could be ok, it's not as if you had hundreds of those layers.
GPU constraints: this is the blocking point. Today's graphics cards can probably support textures up to 16384x16384, but with old or crappy ones it may be as low as 512x512.