Yep, sounds like keyboard ghosting / ghost keys.
Microsoft have an webpage demo that can help find ghost keys (basically just highlights keys on screen as you press them):
https://www.microsoft.com/applied-sciences/projects/anti-ghosting-demoMost non gaming keyboards have ghosting, which keys ghost depends on the keyboard hardware.
Some keyboards will have a rating like 4-key rollever which means you are guaranteed to be allowed to press 4 different keys at once before ghosting happens. A keyboard with n-key rollover can handle any number of keys at once.
If we're talking about arcade machines based on a PC, it depends on how the controls are hooked up. One popular device (I've even got one here somewhere) is the I-PAC2. It's a $39 device that lets you wire up 2 arcade joysticks with 8 buttons each (and some extra like player 1 and 2) and emulate a keyboard. No coding needed. The good thing is it has no ghost keys.
One option if you are just testing is to plug in two keyboards at once. Definitely for Windows and maybe for Linux (not sure) keyboards are merged into one system device. So software like SFML sees one keyboard but really it gets the results of both merged together. That would still have ghosting on each keyboard, but not one ghosting the other.
So yeah, this is a keyboard hardware issue, not the fault of the OS, SFML or USB.
(Also very annoying. My sister worked out the keys on my old keyboard that she could press while we were playing Mortal Kombat 3 that would stop my jump and kick keys from registering)