Looking at this post again, You got some issues still... Some of them I think can be fixed and I notice a couple things I do differently compared to you.
I will note the step I do to get SFML working and the differences we have so you can take note of that.
- I Use the latest SVN Version of Code::Blocks http://forums.codeblocks.org/index.php/topic,17130.0.html(I find it better than 12.11)
- I have the latest version of Mingw available in there installer noted as "Download latest repository catalogues"
- Make SFML in CMake as a Codeblocks project and build it in Codeblocks
Big note here though! I get a error too but its something very easy to fix and its basically consist of cc1.exe missing a couple dlls so I copied a bunch of DLL's from the /Mingw/Bin/ to fix this issue and put the DLL's in MinGW\libexec\gcc\mingw32\4.7.2... Which is where cc1.exe is and this fixes it. - Finally when its built you can finally use it in your project!
To actually build your project with SFML and manage different system builds like mac and linux.
I make 2 types for each kind of systems... Debug and Release!
For each one I include the SFML Libs and Include folders.
Also Quick bro tip! Move a copy of SFML to your Project folder so you don't have to navigate across your system to include it! Very helpful tip is Helpful!
And when your programming on those systems you have to rebuild SFML every time and include it but at least you don't have to make a new project of your project!
Side Note:Under Compiler settings you can use more cores to build projects! I have 8 cores on my computer and I think I broke the sound barrier of my computer.... Where it would take 3mins... it takes less than 30 seconds!
If this doesn't help, I can make a video of me making SFML and building a simple project from the tutorial page on the SFML page... Explaining everything in a greater context. Would that help?