I personaly interpreted the question as "can I use SFML on top of a plain frame buffer console?" To which the answer would be no. SFML requires OpenGL, so as far as I know you need at least X running, but you probably don't need gnome, KDE or a similar Desktop Environment on top. I don't see why you should not be able to run a SFML program as the only program on the root window. Should be as simple as having xinit launch your app instead of a window manager/desktop env. But, I have not actually tried it.