Hi Laurent
Firstly great work on SFML, its a breeze to use and gets the job done.
This problem however seems to affect all ATI users and affects a very large number of people. Im not sure whether the problem lies in SFML's code or ATI's drivers, however my guess is that it is likely SFML given the large number of OpenGL Applications which don't have this problem.
Im not familiar with the SFML source code, but if you want, i am willing to help you investigate further and root out the problem. Im sure there should be some way(hack if needed) to prevent this error.
If you are aware of the problem, maybe you could explain it here, so that we can try and come up with a solution.