Hello i am refrencing Chapter 3 in the book Sfml Game Development.. ive been doing well until now. i cant get this to work i even copied and pasted all the git hub stuff to replace what i wrote and i still get the same errors..
https://github.com/SFML/SFML-Game-Development-Book/tree/master/03_World is the source i copy and pasted and still no work. my error messages are:
Build started...
1>------ Build started: Project: realBook, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------
1>Game.cpp
1>C:\SFML\realBook\SceneNode.h(11,17): error C2011: 'SceneNode': 'class' type redefinition
1>C:\SFML\realBook\SceneNode.h(11): message : see declaration of 'SceneNode'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\SpriteNode.h(7,1): error C2504: 'SceneNode': base class undefined
1>C:\SFML\realBook\Entity.h(6,1): error C2504: 'SceneNode': base class undefined
1>C:\SFML\realBook\ResourceIdentifier.hpp(10,2): error C2011: 'Textures::ID': 'enum' type redefinition
1>C:\SFML\realBook\ResourceIdentifier.hpp(9): message : see declaration of 'Textures::ID'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.h(46,18): error C2079: 'World::mSceneGraph' uses undefined class 'SceneNode'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\Game.cpp(89,27): error C3861: 'toString': identifier not found
1>C:\SFML\realBook\Game.cpp(90,25): error C3861: 'toString': identifier not found
1>Main.cpp
1>C:\SFML\realBook\SceneNode.h(11,17): error C2011: 'SceneNode': 'class' type redefinition
1>C:\SFML\realBook\SceneNode.h(11): message : see declaration of 'SceneNode'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\SpriteNode.h(7,1): error C2504: 'SceneNode': base class undefined
1>C:\SFML\realBook\Entity.h(6,1): error C2504: 'SceneNode': base class undefined
1>C:\SFML\realBook\ResourceIdentifier.hpp(10,2): error C2011: 'Textures::ID': 'enum' type redefinition
1>C:\SFML\realBook\ResourceIdentifier.hpp(9): message : see declaration of 'Textures::ID'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.h(46,18): error C2079: 'World::mSceneGraph' uses undefined class 'SceneNode'
1>World.cpp
1>C:\SFML\realBook\SceneNode.h(11,17): error C2011: 'SceneNode': 'class' type redefinition
1>C:\SFML\realBook\SceneNode.h(11): message : see declaration of 'SceneNode'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\SpriteNode.h(7,1): error C2504: 'SceneNode': base class undefined
1>C:\SFML\realBook\Entity.h(6,1): error C2504: 'SceneNode': base class undefined
1>C:\SFML\realBook\ResourceIdentifier.hpp(10,2): error C2011: 'Textures::ID': 'enum' type redefinition
1>C:\SFML\realBook\ResourceIdentifier.hpp(9): message : see declaration of 'Textures::ID'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.h(46,18): error C2079: 'World::mSceneGraph' uses undefined class 'SceneNode'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(30,43): error C2039: 'getPosition': is not a member of 'AirCraft'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\AirCraft.h(6): message : see declaration of 'AirCraft'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(48,26): error C2664: 'void sf::RenderTarget::draw(const sf::Drawable &,const sf::RenderStates &)': cannot convert argument 1 from 'int' to 'const sf::Drawable &'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(48,26): message : Reason: cannot convert from 'int' to 'const sf::Drawable'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(48,26): message : No constructor could take the source type, or constructor overload resolution was ambiguous
1>C:\SFML\sfml\include\SFML\Graphics\RenderTarget.hpp(237,10): message : see declaration of 'sf::RenderTarget::draw'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(53,31): error C2027: use of undefined type 'Textures::ID'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\ResourceIdentifier.hpp(9): message : see declaration of 'Textures::ID'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(53,36): error C2065: 'Eagle': undeclared identifier
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(54,31): error C2027: use of undefined type 'Textures::ID'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\ResourceIdentifier.hpp(9): message : see declaration of 'Textures::ID'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(54,37): error C2065: 'Raptor': undeclared identifier
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(55,31): error C2027: use of undefined type 'Textures::ID'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\ResourceIdentifier.hpp(9): message : see declaration of 'Textures::ID'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(55,37): error C2065: 'Desert': undeclared identifier
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(63,14): error C2027: use of undefined type 'SceneNode'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\SceneNode.h(11): message : see declaration of 'SceneNode'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(63,18): error C2065: 'Ptr': undeclared identifier
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(63,18): error C2146: syntax error: missing ';' before identifier 'layer'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(63,39): error C2027: use of undefined type 'SceneNode'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\SceneNode.h(11): message : see declaration of 'SceneNode'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(63,18): error C3861: 'layer': identifier not found
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(64,21): error C2065: 'layer': undeclared identifier
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(66,37): error C2065: 'layer': undeclared identifier
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(70,53): error C2027: use of undefined type 'Textures::ID'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\ResourceIdentifier.hpp(9): message : see declaration of 'Textures::ID'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(70,59): error C2065: 'Desert': undeclared identifier
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(70,23): error C2530: 'texture': references must be initialized
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(76,20): error C2039: 'setPosition': is not a member of 'SpriteNode'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\SpriteNode.h(6): message : see declaration of 'SpriteNode'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(77,26): error C2027: use of undefined type 'SceneNode'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\SceneNode.h(11): message : see declaration of 'SceneNode'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(80,58): error C2039: 'Eagle': is not a member of 'AirCraft'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\AirCraft.h(6): message : see declaration of 'AirCraft'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(80,63): error C2065: 'Eagle': undeclared identifier
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(82,19): error C2039: 'setPosition': is not a member of 'AirCraft'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\AirCraft.h(6): message : see declaration of 'AirCraft'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(84,19): error C2027: use of undefined type 'SceneNode'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\SceneNode.h(11): message : see declaration of 'SceneNode'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(87,62): error C2039: 'Raptor': is not a member of 'AirCraft'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\AirCraft.h(6): message : see declaration of 'AirCraft'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(87,68): error C2065: 'Raptor': undeclared identifier
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(88,14): error C2039: 'setPosition': is not a member of 'AirCraft'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\AirCraft.h(6): message : see declaration of 'AirCraft'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(89,19): error C2039: 'attachChild': is not a member of 'AirCraft'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\AirCraft.h(6): message : see declaration of 'AirCraft'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(91,63): error C2039: 'Raptor': is not a member of 'AirCraft'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\AirCraft.h(6): message : see declaration of 'AirCraft'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(91,69): error C2065: 'Raptor': undeclared identifier
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(92,15): error C2039: 'setPosition': is not a member of 'AirCraft'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\AirCraft.h(6): message : see declaration of 'AirCraft'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp(93,19): error C2039: 'attachChild': is not a member of 'AirCraft'
1>C:\SFML\realBook\AirCraft.h(6): message : see declaration of 'AirCraft'
1>Generating Code...
1>Done building project "realBook.vcxproj" -- FAILED.
========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========
Severity Code Description Project File Line Suppression State
Message No constructor could take the source type, or constructor overload resolution was ambiguous realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 48
Error C2039 'attachChild': is not a member of 'AirCraft' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 89
Error C2039 'attachChild': is not a member of 'AirCraft' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 93
Error C2065 'Desert': undeclared identifier realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 55
Error C2065 'Desert': undeclared identifier realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 70
Error C2065 'Eagle': undeclared identifier realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 53
Error C2039 'getPosition': is not a member of 'AirCraft' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 30
Error C3861 'layer': identifier not found realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 63
Error C2065 'layer': undeclared identifier realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 64
Error C2065 'layer': undeclared identifier realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 66
Error C2065 'Ptr': undeclared identifier realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 63
Error C2065 'Raptor': undeclared identifier realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 54
Error C2011 'SceneNode': 'class' type redefinition realBook C:\SFML\realBook\SceneNode.h 11
Error C2504 'SceneNode': base class undefined realBook C:\SFML\realBook\SpriteNode.h 7
Error C2504 'SceneNode': base class undefined realBook C:\SFML\realBook\Entity.h 6
Error C2039 'setPosition': is not a member of 'AirCraft' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 82
Error C2039 'setPosition': is not a member of 'AirCraft' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 88
Error C2039 'setPosition': is not a member of 'AirCraft' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 92
Error C2039 'setPosition': is not a member of 'SpriteNode' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 76
Error C2530 'texture': references must be initialized realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 70
Error C2011 'Textures::ID': 'enum' type redefinition realBook C:\SFML\realBook\ResourceIdentifier.hpp 10
Error C2664 'void sf::RenderTarget::draw(const sf::Drawable &,const sf::RenderStates &)': cannot convert argument 1 from 'int' to 'const sf::Drawable &' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 48
Error C2079 'World::mSceneGraph' uses undefined class 'SceneNode' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.h 46
Message Reason: cannot convert from 'int' to 'const sf::Drawable' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 48
Message see declaration of 'AirCraft' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\AirCraft.h 6
Message see declaration of 'AirCraft' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\AirCraft.h 6
Message see declaration of 'AirCraft' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\AirCraft.h 6
Message see declaration of 'AirCraft' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\AirCraft.h 6
Message see declaration of 'AirCraft' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\AirCraft.h 6
Message see declaration of 'AirCraft' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\AirCraft.h 6
Message see declaration of 'SceneNode' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\SceneNode.h 11
Message see declaration of 'SceneNode' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\SceneNode.h 11
Message see declaration of 'SceneNode' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\SceneNode.h 11
Message see declaration of 'SceneNode' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\SceneNode.h 11
Message see declaration of 'SceneNode' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\SceneNode.h 11
Message see declaration of 'sf::RenderTarget::draw' realBook C:\SFML\sfml\include\SFML\Graphics\RenderTarget.hpp 237
Message see declaration of 'SpriteNode' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\SpriteNode.h 6
Message see declaration of 'Textures::ID' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\ResourceIdentifier.hpp 9
Message see declaration of 'Textures::ID' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\ResourceIdentifier.hpp 9
Message see declaration of 'Textures::ID' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\ResourceIdentifier.hpp 9
Message see declaration of 'Textures::ID' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\ResourceIdentifier.hpp 9
Message see declaration of 'Textures::ID' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\ResourceIdentifier.hpp 9
Error C2146 syntax error: missing ';' before identifier 'layer' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 63
Error C2027 use of undefined type 'SceneNode' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 63
Error C2027 use of undefined type 'SceneNode' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 63
Error C2027 use of undefined type 'SceneNode' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 77
Error C2027 use of undefined type 'SceneNode' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 84
Error C2027 use of undefined type 'Textures::ID' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 53
Error C2027 use of undefined type 'Textures::ID' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 54
Error C2027 use of undefined type 'Textures::ID' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 55
Error C2027 use of undefined type 'Textures::ID' realBook C:\SFML\realBook\World.cpp 70
im in desperate need thanks so much
World.cpp
#include "World.h"
#include <SFML/Graphics/RenderWindow.hpp>
World::World(sf::RenderWindow& window)
: mWindow(window)
, mWorldView(window.getDefaultView())
, mTextures()
, mSceneGraph()
, mSceneLayers()
, mWorldBounds(0.f, 0.f, mWorldView.getSize().x, 2000.f)
, mSpawnPosition(mWorldView.getSize().x / 2.f, mWorldBounds.height - mWorldView.getSize().y / 2.f)
, mScrollSpeed(-50.f)
, mPlayerAircraft(nullptr)
{
loadTextures();
buildScene();
// Prepare the view
mWorldView.setCenter(mSpawnPosition);
}
void World::update(sf::Time dt)
{
// Scroll the world
mWorldView.move(0.f, mScrollSpeed * dt.asSeconds());
// Move the player sidewards (plane scouts follow the main aircraft)
sf::Vector2f position = mPlayerAircraft->getPosition();
sf::Vector2f velocity = mPlayerAircraft->getVelocity();
// If player touches borders, flip its X velocity
if (position.x <= mWorldBounds.left + 150.f
|| position.x >= mWorldBounds.left + mWorldBounds.width - 150.f)
{
velocity.x = -velocity.x;
mPlayerAircraft->setVelocity(velocity);
}
// Apply movements
mSceneGraph.update(dt);
}
void World::draw()
{
mWindow.setView(mWorldView);
mWindow.draw(mSceneGraph);
}
void World::loadTextures()
{
mTextures.load(Textures::ID::Eagle, "files\\eagle.png");
mTextures.load(Textures::ID::Raptor, "files\\raptor.png");
mTextures.load(Textures::ID::Desert, "files\\desert.png");
}
void World::buildScene()
{
// Initialize the different layers
for (std::size_t i = 0; i < LayerCount; ++i)
{
SceneNode::Ptr layer(new SceneNode());
mSceneLayers[i] = layer.get();
mSceneGraph.attachChild(std::move(layer));
}
// Prepare the tiled background
sf::Texture& texture = mTextures.get(Textures::ID::Desert);
sf::IntRect textureRect(mWorldBounds);
texture.setRepeated(true);
// Add the background sprite to the scene
std::unique_ptr<SpriteNode> backgroundSprite(new SpriteNode(texture, textureRect));
backgroundSprite->setPosition(mWorldBounds.left, mWorldBounds.top);
mSceneLayers[Background]->attachChild(std::move(backgroundSprite));
// Add player's aircraft
std::unique_ptr<AirCraft> leader(new AirCraft(AirCraft::Eagle, mTextures));
mPlayerAircraft = leader.get();
mPlayerAircraft->setPosition(mSpawnPosition);
mPlayerAircraft->setVelocity(40.f, mScrollSpeed);
mSceneLayers[Air]->attachChild(std::move(leader));
// Add two escorting aircrafts, placed relatively to the main plane
std::unique_ptr<AirCraft> leftEscort(new AirCraft(AirCraft::Raptor, mTextures));
leftEscort->setPosition(-80.f, 50.f);
mPlayerAircraft->attachChild(std::move(leftEscort));
std::unique_ptr<AirCraft> rightEscort(new AirCraft(AirCraft::Raptor, mTextures));
rightEscort->setPosition(80.f, 50.f);
mPlayerAircraft->attachChild(std::move(rightEscort));
}
World.h
#include "ResourceHolder.hpp"
#include "SceneNode.h"
#include "SpriteNode.h"
#include "AirCraft.h"
#include "ResourceIdentifier.hpp"
#include <SFML/System/NonCopyable.hpp>
#include <SFML/Graphics/View.hpp>
#include <SFML/Graphics/Texture.hpp>
#include <array>
// Forward declaration
namespace sf
{
class RenderWindow;
}
class World : private sf::NonCopyable
{
public:
explicit World(sf::RenderWindow& window);
void update(sf::Time dt);
void draw();
private:
void loadTextures();
void buildScene();
private:
enum Layer
{
Background,
Air,
LayerCount
};
private:
sf::RenderWindow& mWindow;
sf::View mWorldView;
TextureHolder mTextures;
SceneNode mSceneGraph;
std::array<SceneNode*, LayerCount> mSceneLayers;
sf::FloatRect mWorldBounds;
sf::Vector2f mSpawnPosition;
float mScrollSpeed;
AirCraft* mPlayerAircraft;
};
AirCraft h
#include "Entity.h"
#include "ResourceIdentifier.hpp"
#include <SFML/Graphics/Sprite.hpp>
class AirCraft : public Entity
{
public:
enum Type
{
Eagle,
Raptor,
};
public:
AirCraft(Type type, const TextureHolder& textures);
private:
virtual void drawCurrent(sf::RenderTarget& target, sf::RenderStates states) const;
private:
Type mType;
sf::Sprite mSprite;
};
AirCraft cpp
#include "Aircraft.h"
#include "ResourceHolder.hpp"
#include <SFML/Graphics/RenderTarget.hpp>
#include <SFML/Graphics/RenderStates.hpp>
Textures::ID toTextureID(AirCraft::Type type)
{
switch (type)
{
case AirCraft::Eagle:
return Textures::Eagle;
case AirCraft::Raptor:
return Textures::Raptor;
}
return Textures::Eagle;
}
AirCraft::AirCraft(Type type, const TextureHolder& textures)
: mType(type)
, mSprite(textures.get(toTextureID(type)))
{
sf::FloatRect bounds = mSprite.getLocalBounds();
mSprite.setOrigin(bounds.width / 2.f, bounds.height / 2.f);
}
void AirCraft::drawCurrent(sf::RenderTarget& target, sf::RenderStates states) const
{
target.draw(mSprite, states);
}
Scenenode cpp
#include "SceneNode.h"
#include "Foreach.hpp"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
SceneNode::SceneNode()
: mChildren()
, mParent(nullptr)
{
}
void SceneNode::attachChild(Ptr child)
{
child->mParent = this;
mChildren.push_back(std::move(child));
}
SceneNode::Ptr SceneNode::detachChild(const SceneNode& node)
{
auto found = std::find_if(mChildren.begin(), mChildren.end(), [&] (Ptr& p) { return p.get() == &node; });
assert(found != mChildren.end());
Ptr result = std::move(*found);
result->mParent = nullptr;
mChildren.erase(found);
return result;
}
void SceneNode::update(sf::Time dt)
{
updateCurrent(dt);
updateChildren(dt);
}
void SceneNode::updateCurrent(sf::Time)
{
// Do nothing by default
}
void SceneNode::updateChildren(sf::Time dt)
{
FOREACH(Ptr& child, mChildren)
child->update(dt);
}
void SceneNode::draw(sf::RenderTarget& target, sf::RenderStates states) const
{
// Apply transform of current node
states.transform *= getTransform();
// Draw node and children with changed transform
drawCurrent(target, states);
drawChildren(target, states);
}
void SceneNode::drawCurrent(sf::RenderTarget&, sf::RenderStates) const
{
// Do nothing by default
}
void SceneNode::drawChildren(sf::RenderTarget& target, sf::RenderStates states) const
{
FOREACH(const Ptr& child, mChildren)
child->draw(target, states);
}
sf::Vector2f SceneNode::getWorldPosition() const
{
return getWorldTransform() * sf::Vector2f();
}
sf::Transform SceneNode::getWorldTransform() const
{
sf::Transform transform = sf::Transform::Identity;
for (const SceneNode* node = this; node != nullptr; node = node->mParent)
transform = node->getTransform() * transform;
return transform;
}
scenenode
#include <SFML/System/NonCopyable.hpp>
#include <SFML/System/Time.hpp>
#include <SFML/Graphics/Transformable.hpp>
#include <SFML/Graphics/Drawable.hpp>
#include <vector>
#include <memory>
class SceneNode : public sf::Transformable, public sf::Drawable, private sf::NonCopyable
{
public:
typedef std::unique_ptr<SceneNode> Ptr;
public:
SceneNode();
void attachChild(Ptr child);
Ptr detachChild(const SceneNode& node);
void update(sf::Time dt);
sf::Vector2f getWorldPosition() const;
sf::Transform getWorldTransform() const;
private:
virtual void updateCurrent(sf::Time dt);
void updateChildren(sf::Time dt);
virtual void draw(sf::RenderTarget& target, sf::RenderStates states) const;
virtual void drawCurrent(sf::RenderTarget& target, sf::RenderStates states) const;
void drawChildren(sf::RenderTarget& target, sf::RenderStates states) const;
private:
std::vector<Ptr> mChildren;
SceneNode* mParent;
};
