I'm haven't used GLSL at all, ever, but you can still create functions in it? If so, why don't you make your own random function?
It won't be truly random, but there doesn't exist anything remotely like a truly random function on home computers. Yet it might be good enough to do what you want. You can pass values to it from C++ to use as a random seed. I'm sure you would find info about this rather quickly using google.