If your game is trivial, there's no real reason to specific system requirements aside from operating system.
- OS
How do you not know how to determine this? If you compile and run a build on your platform, that means that the output is for your platform. So if I build a program with MSVC on Windows, and it outputs EXEs, and I can run them, it's obvious in multiple ways that I am in fact creating binaries for Windows.
- Graphics card
In terms of driver support, if you're using SFML's graphics module, I might be wrong, but I believe it requires OpenGL 2.1 or newer. If you're using OpenGL directly, you should know what version you're using, in which case that's what's required.
In terms of performance, If you can, test it out on some really other computers and see how well it works with them (if you can, determine their specifications and how they compare in terms of raw performance compared to other computers tested, which may give you a better idea of just how much performance your game demands).
- CPU
Much harder to measure. It's not as simple as "2ghz or more" because there can be a huge performance gap between two processors at the same speed with the same amount of cores. Plus, things like RAM speed, cache, and even background applications running on the computer can have an impact.
While you can use a virtual machine to test this to some extent, I recommend just testing it out of various computers, see how much performance it takes up (look at task manager or something), and giving a generously-high requirement.
- RAM
Track your allocations, look at task manager, etc. It's pretty easy to determine how much RAM your game takes up. But keep in mind that you're suggesting the amount of RAM their whole system should have at a minimum for playing your game, so suggest just that and not the amount of RAM your game uses (such as if your game uses 80mb RAM, say you need at least 1GB, or if your game takes 2GB, say you need 4GB).
- Storage Space
You're generally just suggesting how much free space they should have for the game, not how big their drives should be. Just take the size of your game (including all the assets) and add a bit more for any files the game may create (such as save files).
- Sound Card
I don't know what SFML uses or what it's compatible with, but I'm fairly certain that this isn't any serious compatibility issue for most computers.