That's really strange. I've just compiled SFML myself (when 1.3 was released, there were no Debian package) and it builds fine (I hope it still does, I've done a system upgrade some days before (Debian Lenny) and did not recompile since then).
To be honest I can't see any reason why there should be a floating point exception. The game crashes when using Random() -- with integers. Also, up to the point where it crashes, no "serious" floating point operations take place. I'm just wondering what causes that exception.
Also it crashes in the initialization part of the game. Everything gets loaded in InGame:onEnter(), then this method calls InGame::createNext() to create the next block -- which utilizes applyRandomTemplate() to get a random block type with random graphics, using sf::Randomizer::Random. I really can't see anything from up to that point.
I'll be at home tomorrow and will recompile the whole code under my Debian Lenny, which got updated the last days. If I'll get that exception too, I highly suggest that there's something wrong with other libraries (after some googling, I found out that newer versions of the libc6 are making trouble; but also ATI graphics cards seem to not work together with some programs under special circumstances)
What graphics card do you have, Avency? And thanks for your bug report.